The white-breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus) is a waterbird of the rail and crake family Rallidae that is widely distributed across Southeast Asia and the Indian Subcontinent.

DESCRIPTION:
 
White-breasted Waterhen has dark slate-brown upperparts. Face and underparts are white. Flanks, vent and undertail feathers are rufous-chestnut.

HABITAT: 

White-breasted Waterhen lives near freshwater marshes and in habitats with dense undergrowth. It is very common in mangroves, reedbeds, grasslands, ricefields, orchards, parks and gardens. 

DIET:
 
White-breasted Waterhen feeds mainly on insects, spiders, grain, fish, worms and snails, 
and some parts, shoots and roots, of marsh plants. 

  
 
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Common Hoopoe

Common Hoopoe (Upupa epops) is a colorful bird that is found across Afro-Eurasia. It is notable for its distinctive crown of feathers.

The Hoopoe is widespread in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. Most European and north Asian birds migrate to the tropics in winter. In contrast the African populations are sedentary year-round. The species has been a vagrant in Alaska; U. e. saturata was recorded as being seen there in 1975 in the Yukon Delta. Hoopoes have been known to breed north of their European range, and in southern England during warm, dry summers that provide plenty of grasshoppers and similar insects, although as of the early 1980s northern European populations were reported to be in the decline possibly due to changes in climate.

 In what was long thought to be a defensive posture, Hoopoes sunbathe by spreading out their wings and tail low against the ground and tilting their head up; they often fold their wings and preen halfway through. The Hoopoe also enjoys taking dust and sand baths.

White wagtail

The white wagtail (Motacilla alba) is a small passerine bird in the wagtail family Motacillidae, which also includes the pipits and longclaws. This species breeds in much of Europe and Asia and parts of north Africa. It is resident in the mildest parts of its range, but otherwise migrates to Africa. It has a toehold in Alaska as a scarce breeder. In the British Isles the darker sub-species the pied wagtail (M. a. yarrellii) predominates.


Diet and feeding

The exact composition of the diet of white wagtails varies by location, but terrestrial and aquatic insects and other small invertebrates form the major part of the diet. These range from beetles, dragonflies, small snails, spiders, worms, crustaceans, to maggots found in carcasses and, most importantly, flies in the order Diptera. Small fish fry have also been recorded in the diet. The white wagtail is somewhat unusual in the parts of its range where it is non-migratory as it is an insectivorous bird that continues to feed on insects during the winter (most other insectivorous birds in temperate climates migrate or switch to more vegetable matter).


BEHAVIOUR:
The White Wagtail feeds on numerous small aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates. It catches insects on the ground after a short pursuit, but also on the wing. It pursues the prey with rapid undulating flight, or by short hovering before to hawk it. On the ground, this bird hunts by walking and exploiting all types of surfaces, from roads to roofs and other open areas.
It can pick at preys by running and picking to capture them. It also jumps into the air to hawk a flying insect.




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Northern Shoveler (Spatula clypeata) nests in North America, Europe, and northern Asia, migrating to South America, North Africa, and southern Asia in winter.

Diet

Varies with season and habitat. In winter may feed mostly on seeds and other parts of aquatic plants, such as sedges, pondweeds, grasses, and others. Also (especially in summer) eats mollusks, insects, crustaceans, sometimes small fish.

Habitat

Marshes, ponds; in winter, also salt bays. In summer in open country such as prairie, marsh, or tundra, in vicinity of shallow water. In migration and winter on alkaline lakes, fresh marshes, tidal estuaries, or any shallow waters with extensive muddy margins, including stagnant or polluted waters not much favored by other ducks.


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Crimson Sunbird (Aethopyga siparaja) - or Yellow-backed Sunbird - is a tiny sunbird that occurs naturally in tropical south-eastern Asia from west-central India to Indonesia and the Philippines. They are typically found in forests and plantations.


Breeding / Nesting
The Crimson Sunbird male and female build the purse-shaped, moss-covered nest together - although the female takes on the part of lining the nest. The nest is often suspended from the underside of large fern fronds, or thin branch of a low tree or shrub.

Diet / Feeding
Crimson Sunbirds mostly feed on nectar, although take insects particularly during the breeding season to feed their young and to satisfy their own need for increased protein in their diet during this demanding time.

They favor flowers with the highest sugar content and seek out those areas containing flowers with high energy nectar.

Not globally threatened (Least Concern). Generally fairly common to common throughout wide range; uncommon to rare on Butung (off SE Sulawesi).



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Common Iora bird  (Aegithina tiphia) is a species of bird in the Aegithinidae family.found across the tropical Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, 

Adult male in breeding plumage has dark green to black upperparts. Wings are black with white wing bars. Tail is blackish. Rump is greenish.
Underparts are bright yellow, with larger white feathers on flanks.
Breeding male has black crown, but face is bright yellow.
Pointed bill is blue-grey. Eyes are black. Legs and feet are slate blue-grey.

Non breeding male has greenish upperparts, almost as female. This one has also greenish upperparts and dull yellow underparts, forehead and eyebrow, and olive-green crown. Wings are grey-black.

HABITAT:
Common Iora lives in forests and well wooded areas, scrubs, cultivated areas and gardens. It avoids deep forests.

DIET:
Common Iora feeds mainly on insects such as grasshoppers, caterpillars, dragonflies and mantises. It also consumes spiders and small insects, fruit, berries and nectar.

greater necklaced laughingthrush facts

The greater necklaced laughingthrush is a species of passerine bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam.

It is naturally found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam. It is introduced to the United States.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Habitat
Broadleaf evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest and mixed broadleaf-coniferous forest.

Food and feeding
Mostly insects; also some fruits. In Hong Kong study, of ten faecal samples Aug–May, seven contained insects, and all contained fruit

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Purple Heron-Ardea purpurea-The Purple Heron is a large bird, 80-90 cm tall, with a 120-150 cm wingspan, but slender for its size, weighing only 0.5-1.3 kg. Scientific name of this bird: Ardea purpurea. It comes from the Latin: ardia means heron, and purpureus is purple.

Identification: Adult has black crown, black nape-plumes, rufous-chestnut neck with bold black lines down head-sides and neck, dark chestnut-maroon belly/flanks/vent/underwing-coverts, greyish upperparts and mostly yellowish-orange bill/legs/feet. Juvenile resembles adult but has brownish-orange overall plumage and lacks the bold black lines down head-sides/neck.


Range:
Found from Africa, Europe, Central Asia, Middle East, Indian subcontinent, China to Southeast Asia with some northern populations winter south


Habitat: Well-vegetated freshwater wetlands, marshes, lakes and occasionally coastal wetlands and mangroves.


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Black-headed Ibis -Threskiornis melanocephalus

The black-headed ibis or Oriental white ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) is a species of wading bird of the ibis family

Description:

Sexes alike. White plumage; naked black head; long, curved black bill; blood-red patches seen on underwing and flanks in flight. Breeding: long plumes over neck; some slaty-grey in wings. Young: head and neck feathered; only face and patch around eye naked. Gregarious; feeds with storks, spoonbills, egrets and other ibises; moves actively in water, the long, curved bill held partly open and head partly submerged as the bird probes the nutrient-rich mud.

Habitat:
marshes; riversides.

Food:
frogs, insects, fish, molluscs, algal matter
Distribution: breeds in the South- and Southeast Asia from India to the west and as far east as Japan.

resident; local migrant; subcontinent, from terai south.breeds in the South- and Southeast Asia from India to the west and as far east as Japan.



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Cotton pygmy goose-Nettapus coromandelianus

The Cotton Pygmy Goose or the Cotton Teal, Nettapus coromandelianus, is a small perching duck which breeds in India, Pakistan, southeast Asia and south to northern Australia.

Distribution / Range
 It is largely resident, apart from dispersion in the wet season, but Chinese birds winter further south. It nests in tree holes, laying 8-15 eggs.This is an abundant species in Asia, although the slightly larger Australian race appears to be declining in numbers. Found on all still freshwater lakes (jheels), rain-filled ditches, inundated paddy fields, irrigation tanks, etc. Becomes very tame on village tanks wherever it is unmolested and has become inured to human proximity. Swift on the wing, and can dive creditably on occasion.


Diet / Feeding:

Their habitat is still freshwater lakes, where it feeds on seeds and other vegetation, especially water lilies.ts, crustaceans, insects and pond vegetation.

Camera-90D
Lens- Canon 100-400 II is
ISO-400
F-5.6


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Yellow Bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis)


The Yellow Bittern is one of the smallest bitterns of genus Ixobrychus. It frequents densely vegetated wetlands and reedbeds where it remains hidden and very difficult to observe. It typically feeds on fish, amphibians and insects, sitting motionless in marsh vegetation and waiting for prey.
The Yellow Bittern has large range, but the population trend is uncertain with increase and decrease of some populations. But the species is not currently threatened.

 HABITAT:
The Yellow Bittern frequents freshwater swamps and marshes. It can be seen in reedbeds, shrubs and dense aquatic vegetation around rice paddles, lakes and mangrove swamps.
This species occurs mainly in lowland, but in Sumatra, it can be seen up to 1,500 metres of elevation.


BEHAVIOUR IN THE WILD:
The Yellow Bittern feeds primarily on insects, molluscs, crustaceans, frogs and fish. It forages alone in densely vegetated wet habitats, waiting motionless perched on stems just above or at the edge of the water. When a prey comes close to the bird, it rapidly thrusts down with its long, dagger-like bill to catch it. While foraging, it also gleans, runs and hops depending on prey type.
It is mostly crepuscular, and sometimes nocturnal. But it usually roosts at night and during midday on stems or rice stalks.


  
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